For the end-to-end NOA systems in autonomous driving, performance validation and reliability assurance constitute critical prerequisites for achieving large-scale deployment. Serving as the strategic cornerstone of validation architecture, simulation testing not only continuously empowers technological evolution, but also establishes systematic verification infrastructure for the emerging 'enhanced perception, streamlined mapping' algorithmic paradigm. High-fidelity sensor simulation modeling, comprehensive digital twin reconstruction, multidimensional scenario libraries and a full-chain verification framework constitute four foundational pillars of end-to-end simulation testing, delivering full lifecycle assurance for NOA systems' functional safety and safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF).

• Sensor simulation
• High-fidelity simulation scenarios
• Closed-loop NOA simulation testing